Content from Introduction

Last updated on 2025-05-06 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

  • What is the NextGen Framework?
  • What is NextGen in a Box (NGIAB)?
  • What is containerization?
  • Why should I use NGIAB?

Objectives

  • Identify key components of the NGIAB architecture
  • Describe NGIAB’s role in the NextGen Framework
  • Determine use cases for NGIAB

Introduction to NextGen

The U.S. National Water Model (NWM) provides hydrologic predictions for over 2.7 million river reaches across the United States (Cosgrove et al., 2024). The Next Generation Water Resources Modeling Framework (NextGen) is an advancement of the NWM, setting the stage for a more flexible modeling approach. NextGen promotes model interoperability and standardizes data workflows, allowing the integration of various hydrologic models tailored to specific regional processes, providing key flexibility needed for future success with continental-scale modeling. The NextGen framework continues to undergo testing, improvements, and updates through research efforts at the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Research to Operations in Hydrology (CIROH).

What is NGIAB?

Managing NextGen’s complex software ecosystem remains challenging. The NextGen framework’s implementation requires handling numerous software libraries and dependencies. To streamline this, we developed NextGen In A Box (NGIAB)—an open-source, containerized solution that encapsulates the NextGen framework and essential modeling components into a self-contained, reproducible application. By eliminating manual configuration burdens, NGIAB enables researchers to focus on scientific inquiry rather than software setup and maintenance. Beyond simplifying deployment of the NextGen Framework, NGIAB fosters collaboration among researchers, academic institutions, and government agencies by providing a scalable, community-driven modeling environment. In essence, NGIAB provides a unified solution that powers NextGen models, including future versions of the NWM starting with version 4.

Terminology

  • NextGen: overarching framework
  • NGIAB: containerized packaging of NextGen
  • ngen: the engine used within NextGen
  • NWM: specific operational implementation used by the National Weather Service

Containerization

  • Containerization addresses compatibility issues and hardware variation challenges by encapsulating applications, their dependencies, and runtime environments into a single, portable unit.
  • Think of containerization like putting a model and all its tools into a sealed toolbox – you can carry and run it anywhere, and everything needed is inside..
  • This ensures consistent execution across diverse computing environments, regardless of differences in hardware or software configurations.
  • NGIAB leverages Docker (Boettiger, 2015) and Singularity (Hunt et al., 2005) to streamline deployment.

Architectural Components

NGIAB is designed as a multi-layered containerized tool that encapsulates the NextGen framework and many components relevant to the NWM within a reproducible environment.

A concentric circle diagram titled "NGIAB Containerization Architecture." It consists of four nested layers representing different components. At the center is "1. Core Framework" in gray, symbolizing the core hydrological modeling framework. Surrounding it is "2. CI/CD Pipeline" in green, representing tools that facilitate rapid development and reliability. The next layer is "3. NGIAB Containerization" in blue, indicating simplified access to modeling tools. The outermost layer is "4. Technologies & Methods" in dark blue, representing supportive tools and practices. Labels on the left of the diagram describe the increasing level of support from the core outward.
Figure 1: Architecture of the NGIAB, highlighting its core modeling foundation, CI/CD pipelines, containerized tools and supporting technologies.

Figure 1 illustrates the layered architecture of NGIAB.

  • Layer 1: At its core (Layer 1) lies a suite of integrated hydrological modeling components and hydrofabric (a geopatial dataset representing hydrologic features like rivers, basins, and connections), designed to work together within the NextGen framework. Hydrologic models in NGIAB are Basic Model Interface (BMI) compliant, meaning that they follow a standard structure and can be swapped in and out for one another.
  • Layer 2: Layer 1 is wrapped by the Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) Pipeline layer (Layer 2). CI/CD are tools and practices that automate code testing and updates. NGIAB leverages GitHub Actions to ensure automated testing, integration, and deployment capabilities for reproducible workflows.
  • Layer 3: The NGIAB Containerization layer (Layer 3) provides the containerized environment and essential configuration tools.
  • Layer 4: The outermost layer (Layer 4), Technologies & Methods, provides broader infrastructure, best practices, and support for deployment across different computing environments (local, cloud, HPC), and facilitates community engagement and contribution.

The architecture emphasizes four key aspects:

  • core hydrological modeling framework capabilities,
  • simplified access to modeling tools,
  • facilitation of rapid development and reliability,
  • and integration of supportive tools and practices.

Extensions of NGIAB

Several extensions of NGIAB are already integrated with NextGen-related tools like Data Preprocess, Tools for Exploratory Evaluation in Hydrologic Research (TEEHR), and Data Visualizer (Figure 2). These extensions will be discussed in later episodes.

A flowchart diagram showing the NGIAB model execution process. The central box labeled "NGIAB Model Execution" is connected to three components. To the left is a yellow-green box labeled "Data Preprocess," with three subcomponents listed: "GPKG Sub-setting," "Realization," and "Forcing." To the right, two boxes are connected to the center: a purple box labeled "TEEHR Evaluation" and a green box labeled "Data Visualizer." Dashed arrows indicate the flow of data between preprocessing, model execution, and evaluation/visualization.
Figure 2: Workflow of data acquisition, model execution, evaluation, and results visualization.

Example Applications

Steps common to all hydrologic modeling frameworks include data collection and preparation, framework setup and model execution, evaluation, results visualization, and calibration. Researchers can use NGIAB to execute model runs for their basins of interest. Note that calibration is not yet an integrated capability within NGIAB. Figures 3 and 4 show examples of how NGIAB and its extensions have been used to simulate streamflow for five years in the Provo River basin.

A map view displaying the Provo River network and basin boundaries in the area around Woodland, UT. The map includes the stream network shown in blue, basin boundaries in orange shaded regions, the downstream-most basin in a pink shaded reagion, and black dots representing USGS gage locations.
Figure 3: Map showing the drainage basin used as our demonstration case, the Provo River near Woodland, UT (Gage-10154200). This view shows the NGIAB interactive preprocessing tool. The highlighted region (light orange area; downstream-most basin in pink) represents the specific study basin, illustrating the river network (blue lines), sub-basins (orange), and surrounding USGS gaging stations (black dots).
A screenshot of the NextGen in a Box Visualizer web interface. The left panel contains a "Time Series Menu" where the user can select a Nexus ID, variable (e.g., flow), and TEEHR data source. A map in the center displays a stream reach with a highlighted section representing the drainage basin and a blue point, indicating the selected nexus location. Below the map, a time series plot compares USGS (blue line) and Ngen (orange line) streamflow data from 2017 to 2023. On the lower left, a table labeled "Teehr Metrics" presents performance metrics (e.g., Kling-Gupta Efficiency, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, and Relative Bias) for the selected model versus reference data.
Figure 4: Map showing the geospatial visualization using the Data Visualizer for a selected outlet point as well as displaying a time series plot between observed (labeled “USGS”; blue line) and simulated (labeled “ngen”; orange line) with the performance metrics (Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and relative bias). These metrics assess how closely simulated results match observed data. The Visualizer can also show the performance of the NWM 3.0 compared to the observed time series.

Why should I use NGIAB?

NGIAB makes community contribution possible in research settings by simplifying setup and providing demos, allowing hydrologists and researchers to configure and modify localized water models. Built on open-source code and the ngen/BMI foundation, NGIAB allows integration of a hydrology process model into a larger hydrologic simulation framework, allowing a researcher to focus on their area of specific modeling expertise. Its lightweight container size also empowers hydrologists to execute large-scale runs efficiently and reduce computational bottlenecks. By strengthening collaboration across research teams, NGIAB will help drive the evolution of community-scale water modeling and accelerate the transition from academic innovation to real-world operational use.

Your Turn

Here are some self-assessment questions for discussion or consideration:

  • Do I understand how NGIAB fits into the NextGen Framework?
  • What are the key design features and extensions of NGIAB?
  • How can I use NGIAB to answer my research questions?
  • How can I use NGIAB to contribute my expertise to the NextGen Framework?

Key Points

  • The Next Generation Water Resources Modeling Framework (NextGen) advances the National Water Model with flexible, modular, and regionally adaptive hydrologic modeling at national scale.
  • NextGen In A Box (NGIAB) packages the complex NextGen system into an open-source, containerized application for easier access and usability.
  • NGIAB uses Docker and Singularity for portability across local machines, cloud platforms, and HPC systems.
  • NGIAB’s multi-layered architecture integrates hydrologic modeling tools, CI/CD pipelines, and supportive technologies and is complemented by a suite of extensions that allow for end-to-end workflows from data acquisition to visualization and evaluation.
  • NGIAB fosters an open ecosystem where researchers, developers, and practitioners actively contribute new models, extensions, and workflows.

Content from Installation and Setup

Last updated on 2025-05-23 | Edit this page

This episode can be a standalone tutorial for those who want a quick introduction to NGIAB. This tutorial follows the case study from our CloudInfra repository. Users who wish to learn more about NGIAB can explore our other episodes in this module.

Overview

Questions

  • How do I install and set up NGIAB?
  • What are the prerequisites for running NGIAB?
  • How do I verify my installation?

Objectives

  • Install and verify Docker
  • Set up NGIAB project directories
  • Run a sample NGIAB run

Introduction

This lesson guides you through installing and setting up NGIAB, a containerized solution designed to simplify running the NextGen modeling framework locally. NGIAB leverages Docker containers to ensure consistent and reproducible runs.

Are you using an HPC?

Instead of following these instructions, follow the guidance in the HPC sections in Advanced Topics.

System Requirements

Before installing NGIAB, ensure you have:

  • Operating System: Windows (with WSL), macOS, or Linux
  • Software: Docker, Git
  • Recommended Minimum RAM: 8 GB

Connecting to a remote machine through SSH?

To use the Data Visualizer through an Secure Shell (SSH) connection, you will have to set up port forwarding when connecting to the remote machine. Port forwarding will allow you to access a remotely hosted browser session on your local machine. See the instructions under “Using NGIAB through an SSH connection” in the Advanced Topics episode in this training module.

Docker Installation

Note: Users who already have Docker installed will still need to install a separate WSL distro and set it as their default, if they have not already.

  1. Install Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL):

    POWERSHELL 

    wsl --install

  2. Install Docker Desktop from Docker’s official website.

  3. Launch Docker Desktop and open WSL terminal as administrator.

  4. Verify Docker installation:

    BASH 

    docker run hello-world

    This should generate a message that shows that your installation is working.

  5. Install Astral UV:

    BASH 

    # Install UV
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
# Alternatively, install via pip if the above fails
pip install uv

CAUTION: WSL distributions

NGIAB commands cannot be run through the docker-desktop distribution. If you installed Docker before WSL, you will likely need to install a new WSL distribution and set it as your default.

For example, Ubuntu can be installed and set as the default distribution with the following commands:

BASH 

wsl --install -d Ubuntu
wsl --setdefault Ubuntu

  1. Install Docker Desktop from Docker’s official Mac installer.

  2. Launch Docker Desktop.

  3. Verify Docker installation:

    BASH 

    docker run hello-world

    This should generate a message that shows that your installation is working.

  4. Install Astral UV.

    BASH 

    # Install UV
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
# It can be installed via pip if that fails
# pip install uv

  1. Install Docker by following the official Docker guide.

  2. Start Docker service and verify:

    BASH 

    sudo systemctl start docker
docker run hello-world

    This should generate a message that shows that your installation is working.

  3. Install Astral UV.

    BASH 

    # Install UV
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
# It can be installed via pip if that fails
# pip install uv

Verify Docker

Run the command below:

BASH 

docker ps -a

Confirm it executes without errors. If errors occur, revisit Docker installation steps.

If docker ps -a fails, ensure Docker Desktop is running, or Docker service is active on Linux:

BASH 

sudo systemctl start docker

NGIAB Setup

These steps will lead you through the process of running NGIAB with a set of pre-configured input data and realization files. A realization file is a scenario using a specific model on a specific region.

Step 1: Create Project Directory

BASH 

mkdir -p NextGen/ngen-data
cd NextGen/ngen-data

Step 2: Download Sample Data

Choose one of the following datasets. File sizes and model configurations are provided so that you can download a dataset suitable for your interests, available disk space, and network speed.

Option 1: AWI-009

Models: SLOTH (dummy model), NoahOWP (land surface model), CFE (conceptual rainfall-runoff model, functionally equivalent to NWM)

Compressed file size: 249 MB | Extracted file size: 1.77 GB

BASH 

wget https://ciroh-ua-ngen-data.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/AWI-009/AWI_16_10154200_009.tar.gz
tar -xf AWI_16_10154200_009.tar.gz

Option 2: AWI-007

Models: SLOTH, NoahOWP, CFE

Compressed file size: 1.87 MB | Extracted file size: 5.53 MB

BASH 

wget https://ciroh-ua-ngen-data.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/AWI-007/AWI_16_2863657_007.tar.gz
tar -xf AWI_16_2863657_007.tar.gz

Option 3: AWI-008

Models: SLOTH, LSTM (long short-term memory, recurrent neural network)

Compressed file size: 1.50 MB | Extracted file size: 5.46 MB

BASH 

wget https://ciroh-ua-ngen-data.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/AWI-008/AWI_16_2863806_008.tar.gz
tar -xf AWI_16_2863806_008.tar.gz

Check: Did You Download the Dataset?

Run this command:

BASH 

ls  ~/NextGen/ngen-data

You should see a folder like:

AWI_16_10154200_009

If you see it, your dataset was downloaded and extracted correctly.

If you see nothing or just the .tar.gz file, run the following again:

BASH 

tar  -xf  AWI_16_10154200_009.tar.gz

Step 3: Clone and Run NGIAB

CAUTION: For Windows users: pulling with LFs

Before cloning the repository, please ensure that Git is configured to pull with LF line breaks instead of CRLFs. If CRLFs are used, then the carriage return characters will prevent the shell scripts from running properly.

There are a couple options to configure this.

  1. Visual Studio Code can be used to manually toggle between line breaks.

  2. Git can be configured from the command line.

BASH 

git config --global core.autocrlf false
  1. Download, extract, and run this interactive .bat script

BASH 

cd ../  # back to NextGen folder
git clone https://github.com/CIROH-UA/NGIAB-CloudInfra.git
cd NGIAB-CloudInfra

✅ Ready to Go!

If you’ve completed the steps above and verified your dataset and working directory, you are ready to run the interactive guide script guide.sh. It will prompt you to select input data, processing modes, and will initiate your run.

BASH 

./guide.sh

This will walk you through the NGIAB setup and launch your first run.

guide.sh Tips

  • A series of prompts will appear that ask you if you want to use the existing Docker image or update to the latest image. Updating to the latest image will take longer, so for the purposes of this tutorial, using the existing Docker image is fine.
  • When prompted to run NextGen in serial or parallel mode, either is fine.
  • The option to open a Bash shell (interactive shell) will allow you to explore the data directory without quitting NGIAB.
  • Redirecting command output to /dev/null significantly reduces the amount of output. Either is fine, but if you are curious about what is happening inside the model, we suggest that you do not redirect the output.

Troubleshooting

  • Ensure Docker is running before executing guide.sh.

  • For permission errors on Linux, run Docker commands with sudo or add your user to the Docker group:

BASH 

sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER}
newgrp docker

Are You in the Right Directory?

Before running any script, always check your current folder:

BASH 

pwd

You should see something like:

/home/yourname/NextGen/NGIAB-CloudInfra

If not, move into the folder:

BASH 

cd ~/NextGen/NGIAB-CloudInfra

Tip: Always execute a quick run with provided sample datasets to verify the successful setup of NGIAB.

Additional Resources

Are you interested in customizing your run with your own catchments (watersheds) and run configurations? Do you want to explore more functionalities of NGIAB? Check out the following episodes:

Key Points

  • NGIAB simplifies NextGen framework deployment through Docker.
  • Use guide.sh for interactive configuration and run execution.
  • Always confirm successful setup by executing provided sample runs.

Content from Data Preparation

Last updated on 2025-05-09 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

  • How should I prepare my run directory?
  • What is the Data Preprocess tool?

Objectives

  • Identify the required data structure of a NextGen run in NGIAB
  • Explain how the Data Preprocess tool interacts with NGIAB
  • Prepare data for an NextGen run in NGIAB

Data Preprocess Tool

The Data Preprocess tool streamlines data preparation for NextGen runs in NGIAB. This tool provides a graphical user interface (GUI) and a command line interface (CLI) to prepare input data and execute model runs. A graphical user interface facilitates catchment and date range selection options via an interactive map, simplifying the subsetting of hydrofabrics, generation of forcings, and creation of default NextGen realizations. While this module reduces procedural complexity, it incorporates pre-defined assumptions that may limit user flexibility in specific applications (Cunningham, 2025).

Installing and Using the Data Preprocess Tool

The Data Preprocess tool (like all of our software) is constantly being updated and refined. As of the time of writing (see last updated date above), there are two ways to run the tool. Instructions for installation, environment management, and the GUI/CLI are found on the Data Preprocess GitHub page. We will cover some examples of the CLI usage, but full documentation is on the GitHub page.

Example 1

This command allows you to run the Data Preprocess CLI tool without installing it. It produces forcings and a NextGen realization file for the catchments upstream of gage-10154200 for the time period 2017-09-01 to 2018-09-01. Forcing data is sourced from the zarr files in the Analysis of Record for Calibration (AORC) dataset, which allows for a faster processing time.

Astral UV is required to run the Data Preprocess tool without installing it.

BASH 

uvx --from ngiab_data_preprocess cli -i gage-10154200 -sfr --start 2017-09-01 --end 2018-09-01 --source aorc

uvx --from ngiab_data_preprocess cli indicates that the Data Preprocess tool will run without the user installing it. The --source flag determines where the Data Preprocess tool will pull forcing data from.

Example 2

This command produces forcings and a NextGen realization file for the catchments upstream of gage-10155000 for the time period 2022-08-13 to 2022-08-23 after installing the Data Preprocess tool. The forcing data source defaults to the NetCDF files in the NWM 3.0 retrospective. Using this command requires you to have Astral UV (a package installer and environment manager) installed. Instructions for installing Astral UV are found in the Astral UV documentation.

To install the Data Preprocess tool, follow the latest instructions on the Data Preprocess GitHub page.

BASH 

uv run cli -i gage-10155000 -sfr --start 2022-08-13 --end 2022-08-23

uv run cli indicates that the Data Preprocess CLI within your activated Astral UV environment will run. The -i flag indicates the ID of the feature that is used to subset the hydrofabric. The -sfr flags indicate that the Data Preprocess tool will subset the hydrofabric to the desired catchments, produce forcings over the desired area and time period, and produce a NextGen realization file. The --start and --end flags indicate the start and end dates of the desired time period.

Example 3

This command allows you to run the Data Preprocess CLI tool from a regular pip install ngiab_data_preprocess. However, using Astral UV is highly recommended for its speed. This command produces forcings for the catchments upstream of cat-7080 for the time period 2022-01-01 to 2022-02-28.

BASH 

python -m ngiab_data_cli -i cat-7080 -f --start 2022-01-01 --end 2022-02-28

python -m ngiab_data_cli indicates that the Data Preprocess CLI tool will execute.

A screenshot of the USGS National Map centered on the Provo River network in Utah, showing streamflow and watershed data. A blue map marker identifies a Monitoring Location. A red dot marks an Active Monitoring Location farther downstream. The Upstream Basin is shaded in grey, while Upstream Flowlines and Downstream Flowlines are highlighted in dark and light blue, respectively. A scale bar in the bottom right shows distances of 5 kilometers and 3 miles. A map legend in the lower right corner explains the color codes for flowlines and monitoring locations.
Figure 1: Map showing an example drainage basin. View from the USGS National Map.
A map view displaying the Provo River network and basin boundaries in the area around Woodland, UT. The map includes the stream network shown in blue, basin boundaries in orange shaded regions, the downstream-most basin in a pink shaded reagion, and black dots representing USGS gage locations.
Figure 2: Map showing an example drainage basin. View from the Data Preprocess tool. The highlighted region (light orange area; downstream-most basin in pink) represents the specific study basin, illustrating the river network (blue lines), sub-basins (orange), and surrounding USGS gaging stations (black dots).

NextGen Run Directory Structure (ngen-run/)

Running NextGen requires building a standard run directory complete with only the necessary files. This is done automatically with the Data Preprocess tool. Below is an explanation of the standard run directory.

A NextGen run directory ngen-run contains the following subfolders:

  • config: model configuration files and hydrofabric configuration files. (required)
  • forcings: catchment-level forcing timeseries files. Forcing files contain variables like wind speed, temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. (required)
  • lakeout: for t-route (optional)
  • metadata programmatically generated folder used within ngen. Do not edit this folder. (automatically generated)
  • outputs: This is where ngen will place the output files. (required)
  • restart: For restart files (optional)
ngen-run/
│
├── config/
│
├── forcings/
│
├── lakeout/
|
├── metadata/
│
├── outputs/
│
├── restart/

Configuration directory ngen-run/config/

This folder contains the NextGen realization file, which serves as the primary model configuration for the ngen framework. This file specifies which models to run (such as NoahOWP/CFE, LSTM, etc), run parameters like date and time, and hydrofabric specifications (like location, gage, catchment).

Based on the models defined in the realization file, BMI configuration files may be required. For those models that require per-catchment configuration files, a folder will hold these files for each model in ngen-run/config/cat-config. See the directory structure convention below.

ngen-run/
|
├── config/
|   │
|   ├── nextgen_09.gpkg
|   |
|   ├── realization.json
|   |
|   ├── ngen.yaml
|   |
|   ├── cat-config/
|   │   |
|   |   ├──PET/
|   │   |
|   |   ├──CFE/
|   │   |
|   |   ├──NOAH-OWP-M/

NextGen requires a single geopackage file. This file is the hydrofabric (Johnson, 2022) (spatial data). An example geopackage can be found on Lynker-Spatial’s website. Tools to subset a geopackage into a smaller domain can be found at Lynker’s hfsubset.

Your Turn

Using the Data Preprocess tool, you should be able to create a run directory for your desired catchment that can be used with NGIAB. Try out both the GUI and the CLI, and experiment with different arguments and selection tools!

Key Points

  • ngen-run/ is the standard NextGen run directory, containing the realization files that define models, parameters, and run settings; forcing data; outputs; as well as the spatial hydrofabric.
  • The Data Preprocess tool simplifies preparing data for NextGen by offering a GUI and CLI for selecting catchments and date ranges, subsetting hydrofabric data, generating forcing files, and creating realization files.

Content from Model Execution

Last updated on 2025-05-01 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

  • How do I execute a NextGen run?

Objectives

  • Recognize methods to execute NextGen models
  • Execute a NextGen run using NGIAB

Model Execution using guide.sh

guide.sh is used to execute pre-configured NextGen runs in NGIAB. These settings can be configured by users ahead of time using the Data Preprocess tool. Execute the following commands:

BASH 

cd NextGen
git clone https://github.com/CIROH-UA/NGIAB-CloudInfra.git
cd NGIAB-CloudInfra
./guide.sh

guide.sh will prompt you to enter input data pathways and allow you to select a computational mode (serial or parallel processing). After the run is complete, guide.sh will give you the option to evaluate model predictions and visualize results (discussed in the next two episodes).

Model Execution using Data Preprocess tool

A secondary method for executing a NextGen run in NGIAB is by using the Data Preprocess tool’s CLI. The -a argument in the command will automatically run NGIAB after preprocessing selected data. As this module is being updated constantly, check back on its GitHub page for the latest updates on its functionality.

Your Turn

Use guide.sh to execute a NextGen run in NGIAB using your preprocessed data.

Extra Credit: Use the Data Preprocess tool to automatically execute a NextGen run in NGIAB.

Key Points

  • To execute a NextGen run in NGIAB with full functionality, use guide.sh in the NGIAB container.
  • A NextGen run in NGIAB can also be automatically executed post-preprocessing using the Data Preprocess tool.

Content from Evaluation

Last updated on 2025-04-25 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

  • How do I use Tools for Exploratory Evaluation in Hydrologic Research (TEEHR) to evaluate my NextGen models in NGIAB?

Objectives

  • Explain how TEEHR interacts with NGIAB
  • Evaluate a NextGen run using TEEHR in NGIAB

Using Tools for Exploratory Evaluation in Hydrologic Research (TEEHR) with NGIAB

A TEEHR evaluation run is executed by default upon execution of guide.sh. A separate runTeehr.sh script is also available in the NGIAB-CloudInfra repository.

What is TEEHR?

TEEHR is a Python-based package enabling analysis of hydrologic model performance (RTI International, 2025). TEEHR also provides tools to fetch the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow data and NWM gridded and point-based retrospective and near real-time forecast data. This functionality supports comprehensive model evaluation and uncertainty analysis. NGIAB leverages TEEHR as a tool for hydrological model evaluation (CIROH, 2024). Researchers can explore a comprehensive range of metrics, including error statistics, skill scores, hydrologic signatures, and uncertainty quantification.

Gridded Data vs. Point Data

Gridded data consists of values at regularly spaced 2-dimensional cells that form a grid covering a region on Earth. Point data consists of values on specific 0-dimensional points. The NWM real-time forecast produces point-type stream routing and reservoir variables.

TEEHR folder contents

TEEHR consolidates data from the USGS and NWM, allowing side‐by‐side visual comparisons of observed and simulated over the model run intervals. Figure 1 shows the default comparison of the modeled outlet hydrograph and the corresponding time series from the NWM 3.0. While the default configuration produces this view, the TEEHR user documentation provides additional examples of capabilities for customized plotting functions.

A hydrograph spanning years 2017-2022. The x-axis is labeled "Datetime", and the y-axis is labeled "streamflow_hourly inst [m^3/s]". The blue line represents the NextGen run (labeled "ngen"), and the orange line represents the NWM 3.0 time series (labeled "nwm30_retrospective"). A legend is in the upper-right corner explaining the colors of these lines.
Figure 1: Comparison of the NextGen-based model (labeled “ngen”; blue line) and the NWM time series (labeled “nwm30_retrospective”; orange line) for the same location. The figure is automatically generated by the TEEHR-based analysis that accompanies the guide.sh script included with NGIAB and is named timeseries_plot_streamflow_hourly_inst.html in the teehr folder.

In addition to hydrograph visualization, TEEHR also calculates key performance metrics such as Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), and Relative Bias (RB) to quantify the accuracy of model predictions against observed data (Gupta et al., 2009; Nash and Sutcliffe, 1970). Users do not need to understand all these metrics immediately, and can refer to the references above to learn more. These results are then stored in a standardized output directory. For instance, the metrics.csv file in the TEEHR folder structure contains aggregated statistics for each configuration.

Through this systematic approach, NGIAB and TEEHR together allow hydrologists and stakeholders to inspect, compare, and refine model predictions in an open-source environment.

Your Turn

Go ahead and execute the TEEHR run using guide.sh and explore your TEEHR folder!

guide.sh Tips

  • The default TEEHR image is fine to use.

Key Points

  • Tools for Exploratory Evaluation in Hydrologic Research (TEEHR) is a Python-based backage for hydrologic model evaluation.
  • NGIAB uses TEEHR to assess model performance, comparing predictions against USGS streamflow and NWM data and calculating performance metrics.
  • TEEHR runs automatically with the main guide.sh NGIAB script.

Content from Visualization

Last updated on 2025-05-27 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

  • How do I visualize my NextGen runs?

Objectives

  • Explain how the Data Visualizer complements NGIAB.
  • Use the Data Visualizer to visualize results of a NextGen run in NGIAB.

Data Visualizer

The Data Visualizer component developed using the Tethys Platform (Swain et al., 2015) complements NGIAB by providing an environment for geospatial and time series visualization of catchments and nexus points (locations where objects in the hydrofabric like streams or water bodies connect). Through a web-based architecture, researchers can explore hydrological data in a spatiotemporal context (CIROH, 2025). In addition to standard map-based displays, this component also supports the visualization of the TEEHR output, including tabular metrics and interactive time series plots.

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface. The map displays a the Provo River basin network near Woodland, UT. The gray shaded area represents the basin, dark gray lines represent catchment boundaries, black lines represent major streams, and blue circles with numbers in the middle represent the number of nexus points near that circle.
Figure 1: A map showing the geospatial visualization using the Data Visualizer within the Tethys framework for an entire study area (Provo River near Woodland, UT).

Using the Data Visualizer with NGIAB

ViewOnTethys Script

Like TEEHR, the Data Visualizer can be activated upon execution of the main NGIAB guide script, guide.sh. A separate viewOnTethys.sh script is also available in the NGIAB-CloudInfra repository.

Once a run is complete, users can launch the Data Visualizer through their web browser when prompted by the guide script. Although TEEHR’s outputs can be displayed within the Data Visualizer, this tool is primarily designed to provide a broad overview of model results. Users seeking TEEHR’s more advanced analysis features can still access them outside the Data Visualizer.

One of the advantages of the viewOnTethys.sh script is that it allows the user to keep multiple outputs for the same hydrofabric. It prompts the user if they want to use the same output directory by renaming it and adding it to the collection of outputs or if they want to overwrite it.

BASH 


  ⚠ ~/ngiab_visualizer is not empty.
  → Keep (K) or Fresh start (F)? [K/F]: k
ℹ Reclaiming ownership of ~/ngiab_visualizer  (sudo may prompt)…
  ⚠ Directory exists: ~/ngiab_visualizer/gage-10154200
  → Overwrite (O) or Duplicate (D)? [O/D]: o
  ✓ Overwritten ➜ ~/ngiab_visualizer/gage-10154200
Checking for ~/ngiab_visualizer/ngiab_visualizer.json...

You should be able to see multiple outputs through the UI:

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface. The map displays the ability of the visualizer to use multiple outputs
Figure 2: NGIAB Visualizer dropdown for multiple outputs

Visualizer Directory Organization

The Visualizer organizes data using a directory named ngiab_visualizer. This directory stores all the outputs generated by the user and includes a file called ngiab_visualizer.json. This file contains metadata that allows the Visualizer to locate and manage the outputs from different runs executed via the ./guide.sh script. The metadata, specific to the Visualizer, is structured as a simple JSON file. It lists the outputs with details such as a label, the data path, and a unique identifier. The ./ViewOnTethys.sh script handles the creation and management of this metadata.

JSON 

{
  "model_runs": [
    {
      "label": "gage-10154200",
      "path": "/var/lib/tethys_persist/ngiab_preprocess_output/gage-10154200",
      "date": "2025-05-23:13:51:51",
      "id": "61026834-4235-4d39-8a8e-f076a8854148",
      "subset": "",
      "tags": []
    },
    {
      "label": "gage-20454200",
      "path": "/var/lib/tethys_persist/ngiab_visualizer/gage-20454200",
      "date": "2025-05-23:17:00:34",
      "id": "68f6cf78-188c-4e86-b797-6c40ea36e0e6",
      "subset": "",
      "tags": []
    },
    {
      "label": "gage-35054600",
      "path": "/var/lib/tethys_persist/ngiab_visualizer/gage-35054600",
      "date": "2025-05-23:17:01:10",
      "id": "6d0cb736-2dac-4ea0-a3a3-ad26cd45ef36",
      "subset": "",
      "tags": []
    }
  ]
}

The path /var/lib/tethys_persist/ belongs to the $HOME env variable of the container running the visualizer. When the user runs the ./ViewOnTethys.sh, it mounts the directory from the host at ~/ngiab_visualizer to /var/lib/tethys_persist/ngiab_visualizer.

However, if the user wants more control, the user can copy their data directory to ~/ngiab_visualizer on the host(not the container) while the container is stop,

BASH 

chown -R $USER: ~/ngiab_visualizer
cp -R your/data/path ~/ngiab_visualizer

finally the user can open the ~/ngiab_visualizer/ngiab_visualizer.json on the host(not the container), and add the specific run to the visualizer:

JSON 

....
    {
      "label": "gage-35054600",
      "path": "/var/lib/tethys_persist/ngiab_visualizer<MY_SPECIFIC_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY_NAME>",
      "date": "2025-05-23:17:01:10",
      "id": "6d0cb736-2dac-4ea0-a3a3-ad26cd45ef36",
      "subset": "",
      "tags": []
    }

The user can then run ./ViewOnTethys.sh script to spin again the container or if the user wants more control and just define the env variables and running the container

BASH 

export CONFIG_FILE="$HOME/.host_data_path.conf"          \
       TETHYS_CONTAINER_NAME="tethys-ngen-portal"        \
       TETHYS_REPO="awiciroh/tethys-ngiab"               \
       TETHYS_TAG="latest"                               \
       NGINX_PORT=80                                     \
       MODELS_RUNS_DIRECTORY="$HOME/ngiab_visualizer"    \
       DATASTREAM_DIRECTORY="$HOME/.datastream_ngiab"    \
       VISUALIZER_CONF="$MODELS_RUNS_DIRECTORY/ngiab_visualizer.json" \
       TETHYS_PERSIST_PATH="/var/lib/tethys_persist"     \
       SKIP_DB_SETUP=false                               \
       CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS="[\"http://localhost:${NGINX_PORT}\",\"http://127.0.0.1:${NGINX_PORT}\"]"

BASH 

docker run --rm -d \
  -v "$MODELS_RUNS_DIRECTORY:$TETHYS_PERSIST_PATH/ngiab_visualizer" \
  -v "$DATASTREAM_DIRECTORY:$TETHYS_PERSIST_PATH/.datastream_ngiab" \
  -p "$NGINX_PORT:$NGINX_PORT" \
  --name "$TETHYS_CONTAINER_NAME" \
  -e MEDIA_ROOT="$TETHYS_PERSIST_PATH/media" \
  -e MEDIA_URL="/media/" \
  -e SKIP_DB_SETUP="$SKIP_DB_SETUP" \
  -e DATASTREAM_CONF="$TETHYS_PERSIST_PATH/.datastream_ngiab" \
  -e VISUALIZER_CONF="$TETHYS_PERSIST_PATH/ngiab_visualizer/ngiab_visualizer.json" \
  -e NGINX_PORT="$NGINX_PORT" \
  -e CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS="$CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS" \
  "${TETHYS_REPO}:${TETHYS_TAG}"

You should see something like this using docker ps

BASH 

docker ps

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                             PORTS                                 NAMES
b1818a03de9b   awiciroh/tethys-ngiab:latest   "/usr/local/bin/_ent…"   25 seconds ago   Up 24 seconds (health: starting)   0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, [::]:80->80/tcp   tethys-ngen-portal

Once it’s healthy, you can access the visualizer at:

http://localhost:${NGINX_PORT}

The ViewOnTethys.sh script automates updating ngiab_visualizer.json and copying your model output into ~/ngiab_visualizer.

Key points

  • ViewOnTethys.sh automates adding model outputs to ngiab_visualizer.json and syncing data to ~/ngiab_visualizer.
  • To customize your setup, set environment variables and run the awiciroh/tethys-ngiab Docker image manually.

NGIAB Visualizer UI

The following figures demonstrate several ways the Data Visualizer can be used to visualize model outputs, including geospatial visualization for nexus points, catchment-based visualization, and TEEHR time series representation (hydrographs).

Nexus points can be visualized when the user selects the output that wants to visualize. Time series can be retrieved by clicking on any of the Nexus points, or by changing the select dropdown assigned to the Nexus.

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface. The map displays the ability of the visualizer to retrieve time series from Nexus points
Figure 3: NGIAB Visualizer time series visualization from Nexus points

Troute variables time series can also be displayed using the Troute select dropdown.

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface. The map displays the ability of the visualizer to retrieve time series from Troute variables
Figure 4: NGIAB Visualizer time series visualization from Troute variables

Catchments time series can be retrieved by clicking on any of the Catchments polygons, or by changing the select dropdown assigned to the Catchments.

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface. The map displays the ability of the visualizer to retrieve time series from Catchments variables
Figure 5: NGIAB Visualizer time series visualization for Catchments

TEEHR evaluation can be visualized when the user hits a point that contains TEEHR evaluation output, the user can also look at a Nexus point on the dropdown assigned and enter the id of the Nexus points that contains TEEHR evaluation output.

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface. The left panel contains a "Time Series Menu" where the user can select a Nexus ID, variable (e.g., flow), and TEEHR data source. A map in the center displays a stream reach with a highlighted section representing the drainage basin and a blue point, indicating the selected nexus location. Below the map, a time series plot compares USGS (blue line) and Ngen (orange line) streamflow data from 2017 to 2023.
Figure 6: A map showing the geospatial visualization using the Data Visualizer within the Tethys framework for a selected outlet nexus point as well as displaying a time series plot between observed (labeled “USGS”; blue line) and simulated (labeled “ngen”; orange line)

Similarly, a TEEHR evaluation metric can be visualized by going to the metrics tab

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface. The map displays the ability of the visualizer to retrieve the TEEHR metrics on a table."Teehr Metrics" presents performance metrics (e.g., Kling-Gupta Efficiency, Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency, and Relative Bias) for the selected model versus reference data.
Figure 7: NGIAB Visualizer performance metrics (KGE, NSE, and relative bias). The Visualizer can also show the performance of the NWM 3.0 compared to the observed time series.

Using Data Visualizer with SSH

To use the Data Visualizer through an Secure Shell (SSH) connection, you will have to set up port forwarding when connecting to the remote machine. Port forwarding will allow you to access a remotely hosted browser session on your local machine. See the instructions under “Using NGIAB through an SSH connection” in the Advanced Topics episode in this training module.

NGIAB DataStream UI

The Visualizer also allows the user to download data as well from an S3 bucket containing the output of the NextGen DataStream. The ViewOnTethys.sh script will create a ~/.datastream_ngiab directory in which it saves all the different outputs downloaded by the visualizer. It will also create a ~/.datastream_ngiab/datastream_ngiab.json in which metadata will be saved to locate the downloaded output directories. It serves as a cache, so it allows the user to look first at the ~/.datastream_ngiab before trying to download the data

BASH 

ℹ Reclaiming ownership of /home/aquagio/.datastream_ngiab  (sudo may prompt)…
  ℹ No existing Datastream cache found – a fresh download will be used.

The .datastream_ngiab.json appends the different downloads with metadata that allows the user to know the file being downloaded. The prefix belongs to the path on the s3 bucket. The label is created with the following format: ngen.<date>_<forecast_type>_<cycle>_<VPU>

JSON 

{
    "datastream": [
        {
            "label": "ngen.20250522_medium_range_06_VPU_02",
            "bucket": "ciroh-community-ngen-datastream",
            "prefix": "v2.2/ngen.20250522/medium_range/06/VPU_02/ngen-run.tar.gz",
            "path": "/var/lib/tethys_persist/.datastream_ngiab/ngen.20250522_medium_range_06_VPU_02",
            "date": "2021-01-01:00:00:00",
            "id": "15145d327f19426b890e4465160f963a"
        }
    ]
}

Note assuming only the first ensemble. If we are specific it will look like this: ngen.<date>_<forecast_type>_<cycle>_<ensemble>_<VPU>

This functionality allows the user to be able to quicklu search the data they want from the S3 bucket containing the output of the NextGen DataStream. They can explore and download as needed.

A screenshot of the NGIAB and DataStream Visualizer web interface displaying the hydrofabric for DataStream output
Figure 8: NGIAB Visualizer Visualization of DataStream Data

Your Turn

Use the ViewOnTethys.sh script to launch the Data Visualizer in Docker, then open http://localhost:${NGINX_PORT} in your browser. Explore at least three different visualization modes—such as Nexus time series, catchment hydrographs, and TEEHR performance metrics. Next, edit ~/ngiab_visualizer/ngiab_visualizer.json to add a new model run (define its label and path), restart the visualizer, and confirm it appears in the dropdown menu.

Key Points

  • The Data Visualizer (built on the Tethys Platform) provides interactive geospatial maps and time series plots for NextGen model outputs in NGIAB.
  • It integrates seamlessly with NGIAB via guide.sh or ViewOnTethys.sh.
  • Model outputs reside under ~/ngiab_visualizer, with metadata stored in ngiab_visualizer.json.
  • You can visualize Nexus points, catchment summaries, Troute variables, and TEEHR hydrographs and performance metrics.

Content from Advanced Topics

Last updated on 2025-05-01 | Edit this page

Overview

Questions

  • How do I use NGIAB on an high-performance computing (HPC) system?
  • How do I use the Data Visualizer through an SSH connection?
  • How can I contribute to NGIAB?

Objectives

  • Install and use NGIAB on an HPC
  • Use port forwarding to view NGIAB results
  • Explain the NGIAB community contribution process

The most up-to-date information on installing NGIAB on an HPC can be found on CIROH’S NGIAB HPC GitHub page. Other than a different installation process and the use of Singularity instead of Docker, the workflow is the same to execute a NextGen run in NGIAB. Tools like the Data Preprocessor, TEEHR, and the Data Visualizer are still available. The NGIAB-HPCInfra contains its own interactive guide.sh script, which allows users to specify input data pathways and run configurations (serial or parallel), as well as trigger the execution of TEEHR and the Data Visualizer.

Singularity

NGIAB uses Singularity as its containerization platform for HPC environments. Singularity enables secure execution of containerized applications on multi-user HPC clusters. Key features of Singularity include:

  • Native HPC integration, which allows the execution of containerized applications within existing batch job schedulers such as SLURM (Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management) workload manager, PBS (Portable Batch System) and LSF (Load Sharing Facility)
  • Enforced security – it runs containers as non-root users, reducing security risks; and
  • Access to host file systems – it enables users to interact with datasets and computational resources without additional configuration directly.

This section explains how to run NextGen In A Box (NGIAB) using Singularity on the Pantarhei HPC system at the University of Alabama. To access Pantarhei, please follow the instructions on CIROH’s DocuHub page.

1. Log Into Pantarhei

Open a terminal and connect to the login node:

BASH 

ssh <USERNAME>@pantarhei.ua.edu

Replace <USERNAME> with your actual Pantarhei username.

2. Request a Compute Node (Do NOT run on login node)

On the login node, request an interactive session:

BASH 

srun --partition=normal --nodes=1 --ntasks=1 --time=02:00:00 --pty bash

Use the normal partition unless you require more time or special resources.

3. Verify that Singularity is available:

BASH 

singularity --version

4. Prepare Project Directory

Create the directory and move into it:

BASH 

mkdir -p ~/NextGen/ngen-data
cd ~/NextGen/ngen-data

5. Download Sample Dataset

Pick one of the sample datasets to download and extract:

Option 1: AWI-009 (Provo River, UT)

BASH 

wget https://ciroh-ua-ngen-data.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/AWI-009/AWI_16_10154200_009.tar.gz
tar -xf AWI_16_10154200_009.tar.gz

Other options: AWI-007 or AWI-008 can be used similarly, see the Installation and Setup episode.

6. Clone the NGIAB-HPCInfra Repository

BASH 

cd ~/NextGen
git clone https://github.com/CIROH-UA/NGIAB-HPCInfra.git
cd NGIAB-HPCInfra

✅ Note: Always run guide.sh from inside the NGIAB-HPCInfra folder.

7. Run guide.sh

Make the script executable if needed:

BASH 

chmod +x guide.sh

Then run it:

BASH 

./guide.sh

Follow the prompts:

  • When asked “Do you want to use the same path?”, type n

  • Then enter the full absolute path to your extracted dataset folder. Example:

BASH 

/home/<username>/NextGen/ngen-data/AWI_16_10154200_009

This folder must contain:

forcings/
config/
outputs/

The script will:

  • Detect system architecture

  • Pull the correct Singularity image

  • Mount your dataset

  • Allow running in:

    • Serial mode

    • Parallel mode

    • Interactive container shell

Notes

  • Do not run the model or load modules on the login node.

  • All commands should be executed on a compute node.

  • If output files do not appear, double-check the input path and folder structure.

  • If outputs/ does not exist, create an empty folder manually before running.

NGIAB’s core functions work through an SSH connection without port forwarding. However, to use the Data Visualizer, you will have to set up port forwarding to view visualization results on your local machine’s browser.

To do so, run the following command on your local machine:

BASH 

ssh -L 80:localhost:80 username@remote_host

Replace username@remote_host with your credentials.

Now, you should be able to run NGIAB as usual through your SSH tunnel, and access Data Visualizer results in your local browser.

The most up-to-date guidelines on community contributions for each repository can be found on its respective GitHub page.

General contribution guidance

  • You can use the issue tracker on GitHub to suggest feature requests, report bugs, or ask questions.
  • You can change the codebase through Git:
    • Create a fork
    • Clone the repository locally
    • Keep the fork and clone up-to-date
    • Create branches when you want to contribute
    • Make changes to the code
    • Commit to your local branch
    • Push commits to your GitHub fork
    • Create a pull request when the changes are ready to be incorporated

Your Turn

Based on your own interests and use cases, try out some of these options:

  • Install and use NGIAB on your HPC environment
  • Use NGIAB through an SSH connection
  • Contribute to NGIAB/NextGen!

Key Points

  • NGIAB supports HPC environments through Singularity, not Docker, but the workflow mirrors the local Docker use.
  • Port forwarding is required to use the Data Visualizer through an SSH connection.
  • Community contribution guidelines are available in each repository’s GitHub page.